![]() We included 95 papers between 20 in our literature review. ![]() We excluded papers with non-infectious etiology of SCJ pathologies from this review. We included clinical trials, case reports, case series, retrospective cohort studies, literature and systematic reviews. We searched English publications in PubMed with the phrases “sternoclavicular joint”, “sternoclavicular joint infections”, “septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint”, “osteomyelitis of sternoclavicular joint” and “surgical management of sternoclavicular joint infection”. In this paper, we explore the existing literature to understand the knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment methods of SCJI. Surgical resection with or without muscle flaps is often preferred over medical management for osteomyelitis of SCJI. Treatment options for SCJI include IV antibiotics, incision and drainage, surgical debridement and/or en bloc resection depending on the severity and extension of the infection. ![]() Infections of this structure should be taken seriously and addressed immediately to prevent extension and damage to the valuable nearby structures. The sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) lies in proximity to important structures such as the subclavian vessels and the phrenic nerve. We present the following article in accordance with the Narrative Review reporting checklist (available at ). There are currently no standardized diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for SCJI as defined in literature ( 1). So, it is important to understand the etiology, pathophysiology and treatment of SCJI. This causes infection to spread to the nearby tissues. Due to the ambiguity of presentation and low prevalence, the diagnosis of SCJI is often delayed. In the primary care setting, it can present as a rash, while in the Emergency Room, it can present as chest pain radiating down the arm ( 3, 4). Infections of this joint have clinical significance for physicians of all specialties particularly primary care, emergency medicine, infectious disease, thoracic and orthopedic surgeons ( 1- 4). Sternoclavicular joint infections (SCJI) constitute less than 1% of all joint infections. Keywords: Sternoclavicular antibiotics pathogens Key features of proper healing include aggressive physiotherapy to prevent adhesive shoulder capsulitis and decreased range of motion. Most cases of SCJI treated adequately show complete resolution in months while retaining maximum functionality. SCJIs are rare but serious infections prompting early detection and interventions. Complications of undertreatment can range from simple abscess formation to mediastinitis, even sepsis. Most cases of SCJI, however, are diagnosed after extensive spread to soft tissue and bones requiring en-bloc resection with or without a muscle flap. When diagnosed early, the infection can be medically managed with antibiotics or joint aspirations. ![]() While Staphylococcus aureus causes over 50% of SCJI cases, other pathogens such as Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium are frequently seen. SCJIs can present with fever, joint swelling, immobility, and rarely with vocal cord palsy or dysphagia. But a large percentage of patients with disease have none of these risk factors. There are many risk factors for SCJI, such as immunocompromised status, intravenous drug use, trauma and arthropathies. We searched English publications in PubMed and included clinical trials, case reports, case series, retrospective cohort studies, literature and systematic reviews after excluding non-infectious etiology of SCJ pathologies. Here, we review the existing literature to understand the current knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of SCJI. There is no standardized workup and treatment protocol for sternoclavicular joint infections (SCJI) as defined in literature. Infections of this joint masquerade multiple disorders, delay diagnosis and spread to the bone and deep tissues. Interviews with Outstanding Guest EditorsĪbstract: The sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is anatomically and clinically significant considering its proximity to important neuro-vascular structures like the subclavian vessels and the phrenic nerve.Policy of Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct.Policy of Screening for Plagiarism Process.
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